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pH Converter

Convert between pH values, hydrogen ion concentrations (H+), hydroxide ion concentrations (OH-), and pOH. Essential for chemistry labs, water quality testing, and biological research.

pH Converter
Convert between pH values, hydrogen ion concentrations, hydroxide ion concentrations, and pOH

Quick Examples

pH → H+ Concentration
Enter 7 in "pH Value" and convert to "Hydrogen Ion (mol/L)" (10⁻⁷ = 0.0000001 mol/L)
pH → pOH
Enter 3 in "pH Value" and convert to "pOH Value" (14 - 3 = 11)

Applications

Chemistry Labs

  • • Prepare buffer solutions with specific pH values
  • • Calculate acid/base concentrations
  • • Monitor reaction progress
  • • Standardize pH meters and electrodes

Water Quality Testing

  • • Monitor drinking water pH levels
  • • Assess environmental water quality
  • • Control wastewater treatment processes
  • • Aquaculture and fish farming

Biological Research

  • • Cell culture media preparation
  • • Enzyme activity studies
  • • Protein stability analysis
  • • Microbial growth optimization

Industrial Processes

  • • Food and beverage production
  • • Pharmaceutical manufacturing
  • • Chemical synthesis control
  • • Quality assurance testing

pH and Ion Concentration Units

pH Scale

pH: pH value (0-14 scale) - logarithmic measure of acidity

pOH: pOH value (0-14 scale) - logarithmic measure of basicity

Neutral: pH = 7, pOH = 7

Acidic: pH < 7, pOH > 7

Basic: pH > 7, pOH < 7

Hydrogen Ion (H+)

mol/L: Moles per liter (molarity)

mmol/L: Millimoles per liter

μmol/L: Micromoles per liter

nmol/L: Nanomoles per liter

pmol/L: Picomoles per liter

Hydroxide Ion (OH-)

mol/L: Moles per liter (molarity)

mmol/L: Millimoles per liter

μmol/L: Micromoles per liter

nmol/L: Nanomoles per liter

pmol/L: Picomoles per liter

About pH Conversion

pH conversion is based on the fundamental relationship between pH and hydrogen ion concentration in aqueous solutions. The pH scale is logarithmic, meaning each unit change represents a tenfold change in hydrogen ion concentration.

Key Relationships

  • • pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]
  • • [H⁺] = 10⁻ᵖᴴ
  • • pH + pOH = 14
  • • [H⁺] × [OH⁻] = 10⁻¹⁴
  • • pOH = -log₁₀[OH⁻]

Common pH Values

  • • Battery Acid: pH 0-1
  • • Lemon Juice: pH 2-3
  • • Vinegar: pH 2-3
  • • Pure Water: pH 7
  • • Baking Soda: pH 8-9
  • • Ammonia: pH 11-12
  • • Drain Cleaner: pH 13-14

This converter provides precise conversions between all pH-related units, making it easy to work with any concentration scale. Whether you're preparing laboratory solutions, monitoring water quality, or studying acid-base chemistry, our pH converter ensures accurate and reliable results.

Scientific Background

The pH concept was introduced by Danish chemist Søren Peder Lauritz Sørensen in 1909. The term "pH" stands for "power of hydrogen" and is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration.

Physical Constants

  • • Ion Product of Water: Kw = 10⁻¹⁴ at 25°C
  • • Temperature Dependence: Kw increases with temperature
  • • Standard Conditions: 25°C, 1 atm pressure
  • • Logarithmic Nature: pH = -log₁₀[H⁺]

Measurement Methods

  • • pH Meters: Electronic measurement using glass electrodes
  • • pH Indicators: Color-changing chemical compounds
  • • Universal Indicator: Mixture showing full pH range
  • • Litmus Paper: Simple acid/base detection

Understanding pH is crucial in chemistry, biology, environmental science, and many industrial processes. Our converter provides the mathematical relationships needed to work with pH values and ion concentrations across different scales and units.

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